(2001-09-10)

银幕英语

传统文法与当代文法㈡

● 姚普光

  上期和大家谈了动名词(gerund)在句子里起的四种基本作用,今天我们研究另一种动状词“不定词”(infinitive)。

  Infinitive(不定词)与gerund(动名词)、participle(分词)鼎足而三,构成nonfinite verbs(非限定动词),同样须好好掌握。

  Infinitive(不定词)通常前面带to,有时不带to,而与助动词(auxiliary verb)或情态动词(modal verb)构成谓语。

  不定词(infinitive)可以在句中扮演什么呢?

  可以(a)作主词(subject)、(b)作宾语(object)、(c)作补语(complement)、(d)作定语(attribute)、(e)作状语(adverbial)。

  (a) To scold her would not be fair.(责备她是不公平的)(主语)

  (b) They are planning to build a house here.(他们计划在这里造房。)(宾语)

  (c) Her goal is to become a teacher.(她的目标是当教师。)(补语)

  (d) Do you have anything to declare?(你有什么要申报吗?)(定语)

  (e) I stayed there to see what would happen.(我留在哪里看看会发生什么事。)(状语)

  好,我们现在就用一段文章分析动状词。

  Sending greeting cards is traditional in many countries throughout the world. Cards are designed to suit every occasion. Some are printed on recycled paper, although many cards are not. Hundreds of thousands of trees are felled every year to make paper to print cards.

  希望大家先分析一下,我们下期再研究。

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